Fujifilm X100S has a
16.0MP APS-C (23.6 x 15.8 mm ) sized CMOS X-TRANS II sensor and features EXR II processor. On the other hand, Sony A380 has a
14.0MP APS-C (23.6 x 15.8 mm ) sized CCD sensor and features Bionz processor.
Another difference between these two cameras is that Fujifilm X100S's sensor lacks anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moiré occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the X100S and A380 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Fujifilm X100S and Sony A380 Cameras
Fujifilm X100S and Sony A380 have the same sensor sizes so they will provide same level of control over the depth of field when used with same focal length and aperture. On the other hand, since Sony A380 has 13% larger pixel area (26.58µm 2 vs 23.33µm 2 ) compared to Fujifilm X100S, it has larger pixel area to collect light hence potential to have less noise in low light / High ISO images.
Sensor size sets the circle of confusion, so it drives how much depth of field each
of these bodies gives you at a given aperture. You can calculate it exactly for the
Fujifilm X100S
or the
Sony A380 ,
including hyperfocal distance.