Canon 650D has a
18.0MP APS-C (22.3 x 14.9 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Digic 5 processor. On the other hand, Canon SL3 has a
24.0MP APS-C (22.3 x 14.9 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features DIGIC 8 processor.
Canon SL3's sensor provides 6MP more than Canon 650D's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the 650D and SL3 sensor size comparison.
Canon 650D and Canon SL3 have the same sensor sizes so they will provide same level of control over the depth of field when used with same focal length and aperture. On the other hand, since Canon 650D has 33% larger pixel area compared to Canon SL3, it has potential to collect more light on pixel level hence have less noise in low light / High ISO images.