Sony ZV-E1 has a
12.0MP Full frame (35.6 x 23.8 mm ) sized BSI-CMOS sensor and features Bionz XR processor. On the other hand, Sony A9 has a
24.0MP Full frame (35.6 x 23.8 mm ) sized Stacked BSI-CMOS sensor and features BIONZ X processor.
Sony A9's sensor provides 12MP more than Sony ZV-E1's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the ZV-E1 and A9 sensor size comparison.
Sony ZV-E1 and Sony A9 have the same sensor sizes so they will provide same level of control over the depth of field when used with same focal length and aperture. On the other hand, since Sony ZV-E1 has 99% larger pixel area compared to Sony A9, it has potential to collect more light on pixel level hence have less noise in low light / High ISO images.