Sony HX200V has a
18.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized BSI-CMOS sensor and features BIONZ processor. On the other hand, Canon SX50 HS has a
12.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized BSI-CMOS sensor and features Digic 5 processor.
Sony HX200V's sensor provides 6MP more than Canon SX50 HS's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the HX200V and SX50 HS sensor size comparison.
Sony HX200V and Canon SX50 HS have the same sensor sizes so they will provide same level of control over the depth of field when used with same focal length and aperture. On the other hand, since Canon SX50 HS has 49% larger pixel area (2.34µm2 vs 1.56µm2) compared to Sony HX200V, it has larger pixel area to collect light hence potential to have less noise in low light / High ISO images.