Sony a5100 has a
24.0MP APS-C (23.5 x 15.6 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Bionz X processor. On the other hand, Sigma DP1x has a
5.0MP APS-C (20.7 x 13.8 mm ) sized CMOS (Foveon X3) sensor and features True II processor.
Sony a5100's sensor provides 19MP more than Sigma DP1x's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the a5100 and DP1x sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Sony a5100 and Sigma DP1x Cameras
As seen above, Sony a5100 has a 1.3x Larger sensor area than Sigma DP1x. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.
Sensor size sets the circle of confusion, so it drives how much depth of field each
of these bodies gives you at a given aperture. You can calculate it exactly for the
Sony a5100
or the
Sigma DP1x ,
including hyperfocal distance.