Nikon D780 has a
25.0MP Full frame (35.9 x 23.9 mm ) sized BSI-CMOS sensor and features Expeed 6 processor. On the other hand, Sony A7S II has a
12.0MP Full frame (35.6 x 23.8 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Bionz X processor.
Nikon D780's sensor provides 13MP more than Sony A7S II's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the D780 and A7S II sensor size comparison.
Nikon D780 and Sony A7S II have almost the same sensor size, so neither of them has any significant advantage over the other in terms of providing control over depth of field when used with the same focal length and aperture.