Both Leica Q-P and Sony RX1R have 24.0 MP resolution sensors but Leica Q-P's sensor is Full frame (36 x 24 mm ) and Sony RX1R's sensor is Full frame (35.8 x 23.9 mm ).
Since Leica Q-P's has a larger sensor area with the same resolution, this means that it also has a larger pixel area hence better light collecting capacity for a given aperture compared to Sony RX1R.
One other difference between these two cameras that is worth mentioning is that Sony RX1R's sensor doesn't have an anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moiré occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the Q-P and RX1R sensor size comparison.
Leica Q-P and Sony RX1R have almost the same sensor size, so neither of them has any significant advantage over the other in terms of providing control over depth of field when used with the same focal length and aperture.