Leica M-Monochrom has a
18.0MP Full frame (36 x 24 mm ) sized CCD sensor . On the other hand, Sony FX3 has a
12.0MP Full frame (35.6 x 23.8 mm ) sized BSI-CMOS sensor and features Bionz XR processor.
Leica M-Monochrom's sensor provides 6MP more than Sony FX3's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the M-Monochrom and FX3 sensor size comparison.
Leica M-Monochrom and Sony FX3 have almost the same sensor size, so neither of them has any significant advantage over the other in terms of providing control over depth of field when used with the same focal length and aperture.