Canon R10 has a
24.0MP APS-C (22.2 x 14.8 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Digic X processor. On the other hand, Canon R7 has a
33.0MP APS-C (22.2 x 14.8 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Digic X processor.
Canon R7's sensor provides 9MP more than Canon R10's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the R10 and R7 sensor size comparison.
Canon R10 and Canon R7 have the same sensor sizes so they will provide same level of control over the depth of field when used with same focal length and aperture. On the other hand, since Canon R10 has 34% larger pixel area compared to Canon R7, it has potential to collect more light on pixel level hence have less noise in low light / High ISO images.