Fujifilm X-E3 has a 24.0MP APS-C (23.6 x 15.6 mm ) sized CMOS X-TRANS III sensor and features EXR Processor III processor. On the other hand, Panasonic GX850 has a 16.0MP Four Thirds (17.3 x 13 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Venus Engine processor.
Fujifilm X-E3's sensor provides 8MP more than Panasonic GX850's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Another similarity between these two cameras is that both Panasonic GX850 and Fujifilm X-E3 sensors lack anti-alias (Low-Pass) filters. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moiré occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the X-E3 and GX850 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Fujifilm X-E3 and Panasonic GX850 Cameras
As seen above, Fujifilm X-E3 has a 1.6x Larger sensor area than Panasonic GX850. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.