Both Fujifilm X-E3 and Canon R3 have 24.0 MP resolution sensors but Fujifilm X-E3's sensor is APS-C (23.6 x 15.6 mm ) and Canon R3's sensor is Full frame (36 x 24 mm ).
Since Canon R3's has a larger sensor area with the same resolution, this means that it also has a larger pixel area hence better light collecting capacity for a given aperture compared to Fujifilm X-E3.
Another difference between these two cameras is that Fujifilm X-E3's sensor lacks anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moiré occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the X-E3 and R3 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Fujifilm X-E3 and Canon R3 Cameras
As seen above, Canon R3 has a 2.3x Larger sensor area than Fujifilm X-E3. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.