Canon ELPH 180 has a
20.0MP 1/2.3 (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CCD sensor and features DIGIC 4+ processor. On the other hand, Samsung ST100 has a
14.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CCD sensor .
Canon ELPH 180's sensor provides 6MP more than Samsung ST100's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the ELPH 180 and ST100 sensor size comparison.
Canon ELPH 180 and Samsung ST100 have the same sensor sizes so they will provide same level of control over the depth of field when used with same focal length and aperture. On the other hand, since Samsung ST100 has 42% larger pixel area (2.01µm2 vs 1.41µm2) compared to Canon ELPH 180, it has larger pixel area to collect light hence potential to have less noise in low light / High ISO images.