Canon R10 has a
24.0MP APS-C (22.2 x 14.8 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Digic X processor. On the other hand, Fujifilm X-T30 II has a
26.0MP APS-C (23.5 x 15.6 mm ) sized X-Trans CMOS sensor and features X-Processor 4 processor.
One other difference between these two cameras that is worth mentioning is that Fujifilm X-T30 II's sensor doesn't have an anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moiré occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the R10 and X-T30 II sensor size comparison.
As seen above, Fujifilm X-T30 II has a 1.1x Larger sensor area than Canon R10. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.