Canon 10D has a
6.0MP APS-C (22.7 x 15.1 mm ) sized CMOS sensor . On the other hand, Pentax KP has a
24.0MP APS-C (23.5 x 15.6 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features PRIME IV processor.
Pentax KP's sensor provides 18MP more than Canon 10D's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the 10D and KP sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Canon 10D and Pentax KP Cameras
Canon 10D and Pentax KP have almost the same sensor size, so neither of them has any significant advantage over the other in terms of providing control over depth of field when used with the same focal length and aperture.
Sensor size sets the circle of confusion, so it drives how much depth of field each
of these bodies gives you at a given aperture. You can calculate it exactly for the
Canon 10D
or the
Pentax KP ,
including hyperfocal distance.