Both Fujifilm X-T2 and Pentax K-3 have 24.0 MP resolution sensors but Fujifilm X-T2's sensor is APS-C (23.6 x 15.6 mm ) and Pentax K-3's sensor is APS-C (23.5 x 15.6 mm ).
Since Fujifilm X-T2's has a larger sensor area with the same resolution, this means that it also has a larger pixel area hence better light collecting capacity for a given aperture compared to Pentax K-3.
Another similarity between these two cameras is that both Pentax K-3 and Fujifilm X-T2 sensors lack anti-alias (Low-Pass) filters. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moiré occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the X-T2 and K-3 sensor size comparison.
Fujifilm X-T2 and Pentax K-3 have almost the same sensor size, so neither of them has any significant advantage over the other in terms of providing control over depth of field when used with the same focal length and aperture.