Canon ELPH 510 HS has a
12.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized BSI-CMOS sensor . On the other hand, Nikon S5300 has a
16.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CMOS sensor .
Below you can see the ELPH 510 HS and S5300 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Canon ELPH 510 HS and Nikon S5300 Cameras
Canon ELPH 510 HS and Nikon S5300 have the same sensor sizes so they will provide same level of control over the depth of field when used with same focal length and aperture. On the other hand, since Canon ELPH 510 HS has 32% larger pixel area compared to Nikon S5300, it has potential to collect more light on pixel level hence have less noise in low light / High ISO images.
Sensor size sets the circle of confusion, so it drives how much depth of field each
of these bodies gives you at a given aperture. You can calculate it exactly for the
Canon ELPH 510 HS
or the
Nikon S5300 ,
including hyperfocal distance.