Nikon D780 has a
25.0MP Full frame (35.9 x 23.9 mm ) sized BSI-CMOS sensor and features Expeed 6 processor. On the other hand, Pentax K-1 II has a
36.0MP Full frame (35.9 x 24 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features PRIME IV processor.
Pentax K-1 II's sensor provides 11MP more than Nikon D780's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
One other difference between these two cameras that is worth mentioning is that Pentax K-1 II's sensor doesn't have an anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moiré occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the D780 and K-1 Mark II sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Nikon D780 and Pentax K-1 II Cameras
Nikon D780 and Pentax K-1 II have almost the same sensor size, so neither of them has any significant advantage over the other in terms of providing control over depth of field when used with the same focal length and aperture.
Sensor size sets the circle of confusion, so it drives how much depth of field each
of these bodies gives you at a given aperture. You can calculate it exactly for the
Nikon D780
or the
Pentax K-1 II ,
including hyperfocal distance.
