Nikon S5100 has a
12.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CCD sensor and features Expeed C2 processor. On the other hand, Nikon S3300 has a
16.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CCD sensor .
Below you can see the S5100 and S3300 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Nikon S5100 and Nikon S3300 Cameras
Nikon S5100 and Nikon S3300 have the same sensor sizes so they will provide same level of control over the depth of field when used with same focal length and aperture. On the other hand, since Nikon S5100 has 32% larger pixel area compared to Nikon S3300, it has potential to collect more light on pixel level hence have less noise in low light / High ISO images.
Sensor size sets the circle of confusion, so it drives how much depth of field each
of these bodies gives you at a given aperture. You can calculate it exactly for the
Nikon S5100
or the
Nikon S3300 ,
including hyperfocal distance.