Both Leica M10 and Leica Q have Full frame sized 24.0 MP resolution sensors so sensor size and resolution is not a differentiator between these two cameras.
Below you can see the M10 and Q Typ 116 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Leica M10 and Leica Q Cameras
Leica M10 and Leica Q have almost the same sensor size, so neither of them has any significant advantage over the other in terms of providing control over depth of field when used with the same focal length and aperture.
DxOMark Sensor Scores
Both Leica M10 and Leica Q sensors have been tested by DxoMark. DxoMark scores camera sensors for color depth (DXO Portrait), dynamic range (DXO Landscape) and low-light sensitivity (DXO Sports), and also gives them an overall score. Of the two cameras that we are comparing, M10 has scored 86, 1 points higher than Q Typ 116.
Model
Overall
Color Depth
Dynamic Range
Low-light ISO
Leica M10
86
24.4 bits
13.3 Evs
2133 ISO
Leica Q
85
24.3 bits
12.7 Evs
2221 ISO
Sensor size sets the circle of confusion, so it drives how much depth of field each
of these bodies gives you at a given aperture. You can calculate it exactly for the
Leica M10
or the
Leica Q ,
including hyperfocal distance.