Leica M-Monochrom has a
18.0MP Full frame (36 x 24 mm ) sized Monochrome CCD sensor . On the other hand, Leica Q has a
24.0MP Full frame (36 x 24 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Maestro II processor.
Leica Q's sensor provides 6MP more than Leica M-Monochrom's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the M-Monochrom and Q Typ 116 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Leica M-Monochrom and Leica Q Cameras
Leica M-Monochrom and Leica Q have the same sensor sizes so they will provide same level of control over the depth of field when used with same focal length and aperture. On the other hand, since Leica M-Monochrom has 32% larger pixel area compared to Leica Q, it has potential to collect more light on pixel level hence have less noise in low light / High ISO images.
Sensor size sets the circle of confusion, so it drives how much depth of field each
of these bodies gives you at a given aperture. You can calculate it exactly for the
Leica M-Monochrom
or the
Leica Q ,
including hyperfocal distance.