Both Olympus TG-830 iHS and Fujifilm F800EXR have 16.0 MP resolution sensors but Olympus TG-830 iHS's sensor is 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) and Fujifilm F800EXR's sensor is 1/2-inch (6.4 x 4.8 mm ).
Since Fujifilm F800EXR's has a larger sensor area with the same resolution, this means that it also has a larger pixel area hence better light collecting capacity for a given aperture compared to Olympus TG-830 iHS.
Below you can see the TG-830 iHS and F800EXR sensor size comparison.
Olympus TG-830 iHS and Fujifilm F800EXR have almost the same sensor size, so neither of them has any significant advantage over the other in terms of providing control over depth of field when used with the same focal length and aperture.