Nikon D3400 has a
24.0MP APS-C (23.5 x 15.6 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Expeed 4 processor. On the other hand, Ricoh GXR GR Lens A12 28mm has a
12.0MP APS-C (23.6 x 15.7 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features GR Engine III processor.
Nikon D3400's sensor provides 12MP more than Ricoh GXR GR Lens A12 28mm's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Another difference between these two cameras is that Nikon D3400's sensor lacks anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moiré occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the D3400 and GXR GR Lens A12 28mm F2.5 sensor size comparison.
Nikon D3400 and Ricoh GXR GR Lens A12 28mm have almost the same sensor size, so neither of them has any significant advantage over the other in terms of providing control over depth of field when used with the same focal length and aperture.