Nikon D1 has a
3.0MP APS-C (23.7 x 15.5 mm ) sized CCD sensor . On the other hand, Pentax 645Z has a
51.0MP Medium format (44 x 33 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features PRIME III processor.
Pentax 645Z's sensor provides 48MP more than Nikon D1's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
One other difference between these two cameras that is worth mentioning is that Pentax 645Z's sensor doesn't have an anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moiré occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the D1 and 645Z sensor size comparison.
As seen above, Pentax 645Z has a 4.0x Larger sensor area than Nikon D1. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.