Leica Q-P has a 24.0MP Full frame (36 x 24 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Maestro II processor. On the other hand, Sony A7R III has a 42.0MP Full frame (35.9 x 24 mm ) sized BSI-CMOS sensor and features Bionz X processor.
Sony A7R III's sensor provides 18MP more than Leica Q-P's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
One other difference between these two cameras that is worth mentioning is that Sony A7R III's sensor doesn't have an anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moire occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the Q-P and A7R III sensor size comparison.
![Leica Q-P vs Sony A7R III Sensor Size Comparison]()
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Leica Q-P and Sony A7R III Cameras
Leica Q-P and Sony A7R III have almost the same sensor size so none of them has any significant advantage over other in providing control over depth of field when used with same focal length and aperture.