Leica D-Lux Typ 109 has a 13.0MP Four Thirds (17.3 x 13 mm ) sized CMOS sensor . On the other hand, Leica Q2 has a 47.0MP Full frame (36 x 24 mm ) sized CMOS sensor .
Leica Q2's sensor provides 34MP more than Leica D-Lux Typ 109's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
One other difference between these two cameras that is worth mentioning is that Leica Q2's sensor doesn't have an anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moire occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the D-Lux Typ 109 and Q2 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Leica D-Lux Typ 109 and Leica Q2 Cameras
As seen above, Leica Q2 has a 3.8x Larger sensor area than Leica D-Lux Typ 109. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.