Leica D-Lux Typ 109 has a 13.0MP Four Thirds (17.3 x 13 mm ) sized CMOS sensor . On the other hand, Leica Q has a 24.0MP Full frame (36 x 24 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Maestro II processor.
Leica Q's sensor provides 11MP more than Leica D-Lux Typ 109's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the D-Lux Typ 109 and Q Typ 116 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Leica D-Lux Typ 109 and Leica Q Cameras
As seen above, Leica Q has a 3.8x Larger sensor area than Leica D-Lux Typ 109. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.