Both Fujifilm X10 and FujiFilm JZ300 have 12.0 MP resolution sensors but Fujifilm X10's sensor is 2/3-inch (8.8 x 6.6 mm ) and FujiFilm JZ300's sensor is 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ).
Since Fujifilm X10's has a larger sensor area with the same resolution, this means that it also has a larger pixel area hence better light collecting capacity for a given aperture compared to FujiFilm JZ300.
Below you can see the X10 and JZ300 sensor size comparison.
As seen above, Fujifilm X10 has a 2.1x Larger sensor area than FujiFilm JZ300. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.