Both Fujifilm X-E2S and Nikon P530 have 16.0 MP resolution sensors but Fujifilm X-E2S's sensor is APS-C (23.6 x 15.6 mm ) and Nikon P530's sensor is 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ).
Since Fujifilm X-E2S's has a larger sensor area with the same resolution, this means that it also has a larger pixel area hence better light collecting capacity for a given aperture compared to Nikon P530.
Another difference between these two cameras is that Fujifilm X-E2S's sensor lacks anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moiré occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the X-E2S and P530 sensor size comparison.
As seen above, Fujifilm X-E2S has a 13.1x Larger sensor area than Nikon P530. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.