Fujifilm GFX 50S has a
51.0MP Medium format (44 x 33 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features X Processor Pro processor. On the other hand, Panasonic L10 has a
10.0MP Four Thirds (17.3 x 13 mm ) sized CMOS sensor .
Fujifilm GFX 50S's sensor provides 41MP more than Panasonic L10's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the GFX 50S and L10 sensor size comparison.
As seen above, Fujifilm GFX 50S has a 6.5x Larger sensor area than Panasonic L10. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.