Fujifilm F800EXR has a
16.0MP 1/2-inch (6.4 x 4.8 mm ) sized EXRCMOS sensor and features EXR processor. On the other hand, Canon SX510 HS has a
12.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Digic 4 processor.
Below you can see the F800EXR and SX510 HS sensor size comparison.
Fujifilm F800EXR and Canon SX510 HS have almost the same sensor size, so neither of them has any significant advantage over the other in terms of providing control over depth of field when used with the same focal length and aperture.