Casio EX-S12 has a
12.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CCD sensor . On the other hand, Canon T7i has a
24.0MP APS-C (22.3 x 14.9 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features DIGIC 7 processor.
Canon T7i's sensor provides 12MP more than Casio EX-S12's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the EX-S12 and T7i sensor size comparison.
As seen above, Canon T7i has a 11.8x Larger sensor area than Casio EX-S12. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.