Canon XC10 has a
12.0MP 1' (12.8 x 9.6 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features DIGIC DV5 processor. On the other hand, Canon 90D has a
33.0MP APS-C (22.3 x 14.9 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features DIGIC 8 processor.
Canon 90D's sensor provides 21MP more than Canon XC10's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the XC10 and 90D sensor size comparison.
As seen above, Canon 90D has a 2.7x Larger sensor area than Canon XC10. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.