Canon SX410 IS has a
20.0MP 1/2.3 (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CCD sensor and features DIGIC 4+ processor. On the other hand, Fujifilm X100F has a
24.0MP APS-C (23.6 x 15.6 mm ) sized CMOS X-TRANS III sensor and features X-Processor Pro processor.
One other difference between these two cameras that is worth mentioning is that Fujifilm X100F's sensor doesn't have an anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moiré occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the SX410 IS and X100F sensor size comparison.
As seen above, Fujifilm X100F has a 13.1x Larger sensor area than Canon SX410 IS. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.