Canon G1 X III has a 24.0MP APS-C (22.3 x 14.9 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features DIGIC 7 processor. On the other hand, Pentax Q-S1 has a 12.0MP 1/1.7' (7.44 x 5.58 mm ) sized BSI-CMOS sensor and features Q Engine processor.
Canon G1 X III's sensor provides 12MP more than Pentax Q-S1's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the G1 X III and Q-S1 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Canon G1 X III and Pentax Q-S1 Cameras
As seen above, Canon G1 X III has a 8.0x Larger sensor area than Pentax Q-S1. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.