Canon ELPH 150 IS has a 20.0MP 1/2.3' (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CCD sensor and features Digic 4+ processor. On the other hand, Pentax Q7 has a 12.0MP 1/1.7-inch (7.44 x 5.58 mm ) sized BSI-CMOS sensor .
Canon ELPH 150 IS's sensor provides 8MP more than Pentax Q7's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the ELPH 150 IS and Q7 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Canon ELPH 150 IS and Pentax Q7 Cameras
As seen above, Pentax Q7 has a 1.5x Larger sensor area than Canon ELPH 150 IS. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.