Canon ELPH 150 IS has a 20.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized CCD sensor and features Digic 4+ processor. On the other hand, Pentax 645Z has a 51.0MP Medium format (44 x 33 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features PRIME III processor.
Pentax 645Z's sensor provides 31MP more than Canon ELPH 150 IS's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
One other difference between these two cameras that is worth mentioning is that Pentax 645Z's sensor doesn't have an anti-alias (Low-Pass) filter. Removing anti-alias filter increases the sharpness and level of detail but at the same time, it increases the chance of moire occurring in certain scenes.
Below you can see the ELPH 150 IS and 645Z sensor size comparison.
![Canon ELPH 150 IS vs Pentax 645Z Sensor Size Comparison]()
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Canon ELPH 150 IS and Pentax 645Z Cameras
As seen above, Pentax 645Z has a 51.7x Larger sensor area than Canon ELPH 150 IS. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.