Canon 5D MIV has a 30.0MP Full frame (36 x 24 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Digic 6+ processor. On the other hand, Sigma DP2 Quattro has a 20.0MP APS-C (23.5 x 15.7 mm ) sized CMOS (Foveon X3) sensor and features TRUE III engine processor.
Canon 5D MIV's sensor provides 10MP more than Sigma DP2 Quattro's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the 5D MIV and DP2 Quattro sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Canon 5D MIV and Sigma DP2 Quattro Cameras
As seen above, Canon 5D MIV has a 2.3x Larger sensor area than Sigma DP2 Quattro. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.