Canon 5D MIV has a 30.0MP Full frame (36 x 24 mm ) sized CMOS sensor and features Digic 6+ processor. On the other hand, Panasonic FZ40 has a 14.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.08 x 4.56 mm ) sized CCD sensor and features Venus Engine HD II processor.
Canon 5D MIV's sensor provides 16MP more than Panasonic FZ40's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the 5D MIV and FZ40 sensor size comparison.
Sensor Size and Resolution Comparison image of Canon 5D MIV and Panasonic FZ40 Cameras
As seen above, Canon 5D MIV has a 31.2x Larger sensor area than Panasonic FZ40. Larger sensors give photographer more control on the depth of field and blurry background compared to smaller sensor when shot in same focal length and aperture.