Fujifilm HS30EXR has a
16.0MP 1/2-inch (6.4 x 4.8 mm ) sized EXRCMOS sensor and features EXR processor. On the other hand, FujiFilm HS10 has a
10.0MP 1/2.3-inch (6.17 x 4.55 mm ) sized BSI-CMOS sensor .
Fujifilm HS30EXR's sensor provides 6MP more than FujiFilm HS10's sensor, which gives a significant advantage in real life. You can print your images larger or crop more freely.
On the other hand, please keep in mind that Max sensor resolution is not the only determinant of resolving power. Factors such as the optical elements, low pass filter, pixel size and sensor technology also affects the final resolution of the captured image.
Below you can see the HS30EXR and HS10 sensor size comparison.
Fujifilm HS30EXR and FujiFilm HS10 have almost the same sensor size, so neither of them has any significant advantage over the other in terms of providing control over depth of field when used with the same focal length and aperture.